BIOLOGY TODAY

Building blocks of life • Carbon based: organic molecules • Carbohydrates: CHO • Lipids: CHO, water insoluble • Proteins: CHONS, structure/function in cells • Nucleic acids: CHONP, hereditary (genetic) information Carbon • Can make 4 covalent bonds1 • Chains • Straight • Branched • Ring • Hydrocarbons2 (C, H): store energy • Functional groups • Attach to carbon • Alter chemical properties • Form macromolecules • Sapoteton  Carbohydrates • Principally CHO (rare N, S and P)       • 1C:2H:1O ratio • Energy rich (many C-H bonds) • Monosaccharides (principal: glucose3) • Simple sugars • Principle formula: C6H12O6 • Form rings in water solution • Disaccharides (sucrose, lactose)           • Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin) fig 1.sources of carbohydrates Stereoisomers • Bond angles of carbon point to corners of a tetrahedron • When 4 different groups are attached to a carbon, it ...

 Nature of science Science is a methodology for learning about the world. It involves the application of knowledge. The scientific method deals with systematic investigation, reproducible results, the formation and testing of hypotheses, and reasoning. Reasoning can be broken down into two categories, induction (specific data is used to develop a generalized observation or conclusion) and deduction (general information leads to specific conclusion). Most reasoning in science is done through induction. Science as we now know it arose as a discipline in the 17th century. Scientific method The scientific method is not a step by step, linear process. It is an intuitive process, a methodology for learning about the world through the application of knowledge. Scientists must be able to have an "imaginative preconception" of what the truth is. Scientists will often observe and then hypothesize the reason why a phenomenon occurred. They use all of their knowle...

The word biology means, "the science of life", from the Greek bios, life, and logos, word or knowledge. Therefore, Biology is the science of Living Things. That is why Biology is sometimes known as Life Science. The science has been divided into many subdisciplines, such as  botany1,  bacteriology, anatomy zoology,  histology,  mycology,  embryology,  parasitology,  genetics  molecular biology systematics,  immunology,  microbiology  physiology,  cell biology  cytology, ecology and virology. Other branches of science include or are comprised in part of biology studies, including paleontology8, taxonomy, evolution, phycology, helimentology, protozoology, entomology, biochemistry, biophysics, biomathematics, bio engineering, bio climatology and anthropology.   Characteristics of life Not all scientists agree on the definition of just what makes up life. Various characteristics descr...